戴氏課外指點(diǎn)補(bǔ)習(xí)班_戴氏英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)演習(xí)
戴氏課外指點(diǎn)補(bǔ)習(xí)班_戴氏英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)演習(xí),參加中考高考,能否進(jìn)入分?jǐn)?shù)線、重點(diǎn)線,都看總分。語(yǔ)文、外語(yǔ)、數(shù)學(xué)以及其他相關(guān)科目,哪一科分?jǐn)?shù)過(guò)低,對(duì)于考生來(lái)說(shuō)都不利。另外,對(duì)于初中生來(lái)說(shuō),體育是考分的一部分,對(duì)于高中生來(lái)說(shuō)身體狀況,直接影響其報(bào)考專(zhuān)業(yè)乃至今后的發(fā)展。因此,考生在制定學(xué)習(xí)戰(zhàn)略時(shí),應(yīng)該遵循統(tǒng)籌兼顧的原則。去完成時(shí)(The Past Perfect Tense):示意已往某一時(shí)間或動(dòng)作以前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成了的動(dòng)作,對(duì)已往的某一點(diǎn)造成的某種影響或是效果,接下來(lái)
月朔英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)演習(xí)
一、看法:已往發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或效果,或從已往已經(jīng)最先,延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)
二、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)用法之常用詞語(yǔ):
能與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用詞語(yǔ)許多,如副詞just, already, yet, before, ever, recently 等,但下面是一些典型而且主要的例子:(1) since(自從):不管用作介詞、連詞照樣副詞, 句子(主句)謂語(yǔ)通常都用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí):
I haven’t seen her since last week. 自上周以來(lái)我一直未見(jiàn)過(guò)她。
Where have you been since I last saw? 自我上次見(jiàn)到你之后你到那里去了?
【注】有時(shí)可用其他時(shí)態(tài)的情形,但須注重:
?、?對(duì)于某些示意狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞(如 seem 等),或因語(yǔ)義等方面的緣故原由,有時(shí)可能用一樣平時(shí)現(xiàn)在時(shí)對(duì)照現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)更合適:
It seems like years since we last met. 我們似乎幾年未碰頭了。
Since when does the $42 plus $5 service charge come to $48? 從什么什候最先42元加5元的服務(wù)費(fèi)即是48元了?
?、?若不是指從已往延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,而是指從較遠(yuǎn)的已往延續(xù)到在一個(gè)較近的已往,則用已往完成時(shí):
Yesterday he told me that he hadn’t eaten anything since Tuesday. 他昨天告訴我自星期二以來(lái)他一直未吃任何器械。(指從星期二至昨天未吃器械)
?、?示意時(shí)間長(zhǎng)度時(shí),通常用一樣平時(shí)現(xiàn)在時(shí)取代現(xiàn)在完成時(shí):
It’s ten years since he left here. 他脫離這兒已10年了。(2) so far (到現(xiàn)在為止):
So far there has been no bad news. 到現(xiàn)在為止還沒(méi)有什么壞新聞。
We haven’t had any trouble so far. 到現(xiàn)在為止,我們還沒(méi)有遇到任何窮苦。
(3) in [for, during] the past [last] … years(在已往…年中):
In the past two years I’ve seen him little. 已往兩年我很少見(jiàn)到他。
I have been here (for) the last [past] month. 最近一個(gè)月里我都在這兒。
【注】在一定的上下文里,若是以已往時(shí)間為起點(diǎn),也可用已往完成時(shí)。(4) up to [until] now(到現(xiàn)在為止):
Up to now, the work has been easy. 到現(xiàn)在為止這事情還算容易。
I have heard nothing from him up to now. 到現(xiàn)在為止我還沒(méi)有聽(tīng)到他一點(diǎn)音信。(5) It’s [will be] the first time that…(第一次…):
It’s the first time I’ve come here. 這是我第一次來(lái)這兒。
Don’t forget, it’ll be the first time I’ve spoken in public. 別忘了,這是我第一次在公開(kāi)場(chǎng)所談話。
三、基本結(jié)構(gòu):have/has + done
否認(rèn)形式:have/has + not +d one.
一樣平時(shí)疑問(wèn)句:have或has開(kāi)頭+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞的已往分詞。
例:I have seen the film already. 我已經(jīng)看過(guò)那部影戲了。(現(xiàn)在我知道影戲的內(nèi)容了。)
Have you seen my bag? 你看到我的手提包了嗎? (你知道它在那里? )
She has been a dancer for ten years. 她已當(dāng)了十年的舞蹈演員了。
We’ve planted thousands of trees in the past few years. 已往幾年我們種了成千上萬(wàn)棵樹(shù)。
四、基本用法
對(duì)于初接觸現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的人來(lái)說(shuō),往往會(huì)發(fā)生一種茫然,由于它似乎與一樣平時(shí)已往時(shí)相似。那就是,這兩種時(shí)態(tài)形貌的動(dòng)作都始于已往。著實(shí)否則,現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)主要示意,發(fā)生在已往的動(dòng)作延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在剛剛完成、或許還要延續(xù);著重于這個(gè)動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在帶來(lái)的效果、發(fā)生的影響、積累的總和等等。而一樣平時(shí)已往時(shí)則只不外是示意動(dòng)作發(fā)生在已往的什么時(shí)刻。弄清了這一區(qū)別,就很容易明晰現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)了。它主要適用于下面的幾種情形:
1)示意住手現(xiàn)在業(yè)已完成的動(dòng)作
By now, I have collected all the data that I need .到現(xiàn)在為止,我已網(wǎng)絡(luò)到了我所需的所有資料。
She has read 150 pages today .她今天已看了150頁(yè)。
We haven't met for many years .我們已多年沒(méi)見(jiàn)了。
They have developed a new product .他們研制樂(lè)成了一種新產(chǎn)物。
2)示意發(fā)生在已往而對(duì)現(xiàn)在發(fā)生影響、帶來(lái)效果的動(dòng)作
Have you had your dinner? 你吃晚飯了嗎?
She has been to the United States. 她已去美國(guó)了。
You have grown much taller.你長(zhǎng)高了許多。
3)示意已往發(fā)生的動(dòng)作延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,并可能還要延續(xù)
It has been five years since he joined the army .他參軍五年了。
They have learned English for eight years .他們已學(xué)了八年的英語(yǔ)了。
So far we've only discussed the first five chapters.至今我們還只討論了前五章。
幾點(diǎn)注重:
1)一個(gè)句子應(yīng)該用什么時(shí)態(tài)只能取決于它需要表達(dá)的意思,以及它所處的語(yǔ)言環(huán)境。例如:
He speaks English .(一樣平時(shí)現(xiàn)在時(shí),說(shuō)明動(dòng)作發(fā)生的經(jīng)常性。)
He spoke English when he was in New Zealand .(一樣平時(shí)已往時(shí),說(shuō)明動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間。)
He is speaking English.(現(xiàn)在舉行時(shí),說(shuō)明動(dòng)作正在舉行。)
He has spoken English for three years since he came to the USA.(現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),這里說(shuō)明動(dòng)作的總和。)
He has been speaking English since he came to the USA. (現(xiàn)在完成舉行時(shí),強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的延續(xù)性。)
2)在含有時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句或條件狀語(yǔ)從句的主從復(fù)合句中,若是主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是一樣平時(shí)未來(lái)時(shí),那么從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞就只能用一樣平時(shí)現(xiàn)在時(shí)來(lái)示意未來(lái)時(shí);若是主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞數(shù)去未來(lái)時(shí),那么從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞就只能用一樣平時(shí)已往時(shí)來(lái)示意已往未來(lái)時(shí)。
例如:I will not play tennis if it rains tomorrow.
I would not play tennis if it rained the next day.
3) 有些動(dòng)詞示意無(wú)法延續(xù)的動(dòng)作,它們一樣平時(shí)不宜用于舉行時(shí)態(tài)中。這類(lèi)動(dòng)詞常見(jiàn)的有:be , believe , consist , find , forget , hate , have , hope , hear , know , like , love , notice , prefer , remember , see , seem , smell , suggest , taste , understand , want , wish , sit down , stand up 等等。
Be動(dòng)詞若是用于舉行時(shí)態(tài),可示意暫時(shí)、短暫的情形或顯示。例如:
Tom is being a good boy today .湯姆今天很乖。
He is being childish .他這樣做是耍
You are not being modest .你這樣說(shuō)不太謙遜。
4)關(guān)于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)問(wèn)題
A. 通常"完成時(shí)態(tài)"都示意,不知道也不管動(dòng)作發(fā)生的詳細(xì)時(shí)間, 以是在使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的句子里,不能以帶有示意詳細(xì)已往時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ),如:yesterday , last week ( month , year , etc. ) , two weeks ago , in 1999等;但常和有些副詞連用,如: just , before , already , often , never , ever , not…yet , always等等。
B. 在以when提問(wèn)的特殊疑問(wèn)中不能用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。另外,ago不能用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的句子里,由于它示意從現(xiàn)在算起的以前某個(gè)時(shí)間,屬于示意詳細(xì)已往時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)。然則可以用before 來(lái)示意"以前"的意義,由于它只示意"以前",而不知什么時(shí)刻的以前。
C. 若是是不示意延續(xù)性的動(dòng)詞用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的句子,不能以和以for示意的"一段時(shí)間"的狀語(yǔ)連用。在這種情形下,應(yīng)該用"It has been … ;since…"的句式來(lái)表達(dá)。如:
He has joined the army for five years. (錯(cuò)誤)
It has been five years since he joined the army.(準(zhǔn)確)
演習(xí):
一、單項(xiàng)選擇
1、Both his parents look sad .Maybe they ______what's happened to him .
A. knew B. have known C. must know D.will know
2、He has _______ been to Shanghai , has he ?
,當(dāng)今考試改革的方向偏重對(duì)能力的考查,靠死記硬背應(yīng)付不了的。只有具備良好的分析、判斷和推理能力,才能適應(yīng)時(shí)代的要求。而要培養(yǎng)這些能力,主要是靠吸收老師的思維成果和運(yùn)用,,以基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)為主 在溫習(xí)的時(shí)刻,照樣應(yīng)以基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)為主。 把基礎(chǔ)打好了,才可能取得好成就。 對(duì)許多學(xué)生來(lái)說(shuō),做對(duì)照難的問(wèn)題很難題,那么保證簡(jiǎn)樸的問(wèn)題做對(duì),就顯得很主要了。 溫習(xí)的時(shí)刻要先弄清晰我們學(xué)習(xí)了什么,有什么基本的知識(shí)需要掌握。,A. already B.never C.ever D. still
3、Have you met Mr Li ______?
A. just B. ago C.before D. a moment ago
4、The famous writer _____ one new book in the past two year
A. is writing B.was writing C.wrote D.has written
5、-Our country ______ a lot so far .
-Yes . I hope it will be even ______ .
A. has changed ; well B. changed ; good
C. has changed ; better D. changed ; better
6、Zhao Lan ______already ______in this school for two years .
A. was ; studying B. will ; study
C. has ; studied D. are ; studying
7、We ______ Xiao Li since she was a little girl .
A. know B. had known C. have known D. knew
8、Harry Potter is a very nice film .I_______ it twice .
A. will see B. have seen C. saw D.see
9、-These farmers have been to the United States .
-Really ? When _____ there ?
A. will they go B. did they go
C. do they go D. have they gone
10、-______ you ___ your homework yet ?
-Yes . I _____ it a moment ago .
A. Did ; do ; finished B. Have ; done ; finished
C. Have ; done ; have finished D. will ; do ; finish
11、 His father ______ the Party since 1978 .
A. joined B. has joined C. was in D. has been in
12、-Do you know him well ?
- Sure .We _________ friends since ten years ago .
A. were B. have been C. have become D. have made
13、—How long have you ____ here ? —About two months .
A. been B. gone C. come D. arrived
14、 Miss Green isn't in the office . she_______ to the library .
A.has gone B. went C.will go D. has been
15、My parents ______ Shandong for ten years .
A. have been in B. have been to
C. have gone to D. have been
16、The students have cleaned the classroom, ______?
A. so they B. don't they C. have they D. haven't they
17、______has Mr White been a member of Greener China since he______to China?
A. How soon, comes B. How often, got
C. How long, came D. How far, arrive
二、句型轉(zhuǎn)換
1、The old man _________ last year. He __________ for a year. (die) (動(dòng)詞填空)
2、This factory opened twenty years ago.(同義句轉(zhuǎn)換)
This factory ______________ for twenty years.
3、Miss Gao left an hour ago. (同義句轉(zhuǎn)換)
Miss Gao ________ _______ since an hour ago.
4、Her mother has been a Party member for three years .(同義句)
Her mother _______ the Party three years ________
5、The bus has arrived here. It arrived ten minutes ago. (把兩個(gè)句子合并成一個(gè)句子)
___________________________________________ 三、漢譯英
4、 她還沒(méi)有看過(guò)那部新影戲。
5、 她去過(guò)上海。
6、 他這些天上哪兒去了?
初中英語(yǔ)高效學(xué)習(xí)方式
一、預(yù)習(xí)學(xué)習(xí)法
首先對(duì)單詞舉行預(yù)習(xí)。預(yù)習(xí)英語(yǔ)單詞時(shí),我們要掌握詞義、詞性以及讀音,課本上的黑體單詞(重點(diǎn)部門(mén))要會(huì)拼寫(xiě),還要拼寫(xiě)準(zhǔn)確。其次是預(yù)習(xí)英語(yǔ)課文。同硯們?cè)陬A(yù)習(xí)單詞的時(shí)刻,可以聽(tīng)?zhēng)妆檎n文的錄音, 一最先聽(tīng)不明晰也不打緊, 認(rèn)真閱讀幾遍,把沒(méi)聽(tīng)懂的地方標(biāo)注一下再聽(tīng)一遍,這樣一再幾回再去仔細(xì)研究課文,找出課文中的知識(shí)點(diǎn)。 帶著問(wèn)題去聽(tīng)課你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)效率比平時(shí)高許多。 最后是課本后演習(xí)題的預(yù)習(xí)。我們可以行使課前幾分鐘的時(shí)間思索一下問(wèn)題,做到胸有定見(jiàn)。
二、課堂學(xué)習(xí)法
學(xué)生能否學(xué)好英語(yǔ)的要害就在于這課上45分鐘的行使。那么若何提高自己上課的效率呢?首先對(duì)于聽(tīng)講,同硯們必須有一個(gè)目的,必須保證一上課就快速進(jìn)入學(xué)習(xí)狀態(tài)。充實(shí)調(diào)動(dòng)自己的感官,做到眼、耳、心、手并用。學(xué)會(huì)處置好聽(tīng)與記的關(guān)系也很主要:既要記下先生的板書(shū)又要時(shí)刻跟住先生的思緒。這里就要要求人人普磨煉自己的瞬間影象能力,當(dāng)接觸到該影象的內(nèi)容時(shí),應(yīng)通過(guò)眼看、耳聽(tīng)、口念,將其迅速輸入到影象中樞,然后再?gòu)?fù)現(xiàn)出它的形象。在復(fù)現(xiàn)時(shí)快速用手指在桌上劃出這個(gè)單詞,或一個(gè)長(zhǎng)句中最難記的或最主要的單飼,強(qiáng)迫自己在課內(nèi)就能記著這節(jié)課最主要的器械。這樣,使自己真正有著“這節(jié)課確實(shí)學(xué)到不少器械”的扎實(shí)感、樂(lè)成感,進(jìn)而引發(fā)念頭,提喜悅?cè)ぃ行判牡厝ダ^續(xù)往后的學(xué)習(xí)。
三、一樣平時(shí)學(xué)習(xí)法
為自己制訂久遠(yuǎn)的學(xué)習(xí)目的和學(xué)習(xí)義務(wù)是我們一樣平時(shí)需要做的事情。憑證差其余學(xué)習(xí)階段和自身情形制訂一個(gè)相對(duì)有難度但又不會(huì)完全達(dá)不到的目的。有了這個(gè)目的我們就會(huì)更有學(xué)習(xí)動(dòng)力,全身充滿責(zé)任感、緊迫感,似乎有什么在督促著我們。除此之外我們還要制訂每堂課的小目的,這樣在每堂課最先的時(shí)刻,由于有目的的激勵(lì)使大腦處于興奮狀態(tài),輔助我們高效的聽(tīng)講。此外,多爭(zhēng)取演習(xí)英語(yǔ)的時(shí)機(jī)也是極好的。外交能力只有在外交中才氣被有用的培育出來(lái)。不要怕說(shuō)錯(cuò)被別人譏笑,本事學(xué)到自己身上才是硬原理。
四、積累學(xué)習(xí)法
知識(shí)的累積是個(gè)漫長(zhǎng)的歷程。在學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)上,我們要積累大量詞匯和語(yǔ)法。課本中的每個(gè)單元分Section A , Section B 以及Self check 三部門(mén),其中Section B的3a環(huán)節(jié)是本單元主要詞匯和語(yǔ)法以及外交項(xiàng)目的詳細(xì)體現(xiàn),也是各單元必背內(nèi)容。堅(jiān)持背誦,同硯們就能自然地使用所學(xué)習(xí)詞匯來(lái)表達(dá)頭腦情緒,從而到達(dá)學(xué)以致用的效果。語(yǔ)法的積累要以句為演習(xí)單元。多閱讀文章培育語(yǔ)感,注重體會(huì)文章里自己學(xué)過(guò)的語(yǔ)律例則。信托你的英語(yǔ)能力一定更上一層樓。
五、溫習(xí)學(xué)習(xí)法
溫習(xí)是學(xué)習(xí)之母。要實(shí)時(shí)、經(jīng)常、科學(xué)地溫習(xí),削減遺忘?!鞍e浩斯遺忘曲線”展現(xiàn)遺忘紀(jì)律是先快后慢,先多后少。整理課堂條記就是溫習(xí)的一種方式。在此歷程中,學(xué)生再次回首課堂上的重點(diǎn)內(nèi)容加深了對(duì)知識(shí)的印象。另外可以準(zhǔn)備改錯(cuò)本。同硯們把每次做錯(cuò)的習(xí)題整理在錯(cuò)題本上,并對(duì)失足的緣故原由舉行剖析、總結(jié),可以阻止下次再犯同樣的錯(cuò)誤。還能養(yǎng)成做題時(shí)認(rèn)真思索的習(xí)慣。英語(yǔ)溫習(xí)十分紛繁嚕蘇, 同硯會(huì)以為無(wú)從下手。小喜鵲以為要經(jīng)常歸納整理, 把所學(xué)的新知識(shí)融入自己原有的知識(shí)系統(tǒng)中,使之完善無(wú)缺,這樣形成的知識(shí)才不 “脫落”,而且耐久不忘。這就要求同硯們做學(xué)習(xí)的有心人,實(shí)時(shí)歸納整理相關(guān)的知識(shí)點(diǎn)。
月朔英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)演習(xí)相關(guān)文章:
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